The biography begins with Catherine’s early life as Princess Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst, a minor German noblewoman whose marriage to the future Emperor Peter III of Russia catapulted her into a world of political intrigue and courtly expectations. Her transition into Russian society was marked by her conversion to Orthodox Christianity and her adoption of the name Catherine. However, her marriage was unhappy, as Peter was immature and unfit to rule. Catherine, determined to secure her place in the Russian court, immersed herself in learning, mastering the Russian language, and cultivating relationships with powerful allies.

When Peter III ascended to the throne, his erratic policies and disregard for Russian traditions alienated the nobility and the military. Seizing the moment, Catherine orchestrated a coup with the support of the Imperial Guard, deposing Peter and claiming the throne for herself. His subsequent mysterious death cemented her rule. As Empress, Catherine embarked on a period of reform and expansion, drawing inspiration from Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and Diderot. She modernized Russia’s legal system, promoted education, and worked to bring Western ideas into Russian governance.

Catherine’s reign was marked by military conquests and territorial expansion, including the annexation of Crimea and victories against the Ottoman Empire. She skillfully navigated European diplomacy, maintaining alliances while strengthening Russia’s influence. Despite her progressive policies, she faced internal challenges, such as the Pugachev Rebellion, which tested her ability to maintain control over a vast and diverse empire.

Her personal life was equally fascinating. Catherine had numerous lovers, many of whom played significant roles in her administration. Her relationships, often strategic, helped her consolidate power and maintain stability. Massie portrays her not just as a ruler but as a complex and intelligent woman who defied societal expectations.

By the time of her death in 1796, Catherine had transformed Russia into a major European power, leaving behind a legacy of reform and cultural advancement. Massie’s biography provides a detailed and engaging account of her life, capturing the essence of a ruler who reshaped her nation and the world’s perception of female leadership.

Through rich narrative and meticulous research, Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman brings to life the story of one of history’s most remarkable and influential women.